PETER SINGER: “ÉTICA PRÁTICA“
“Tradicionalmente, a mais importante ligação entre a religião e a ética está em pensar que a religião oferece uma motivação para fazer o que é certo: os virtuosos serão recompensados com uma eternidade de bem-aventurança no Céu, ao passo que os demais vão queimar no Inferno.
Nem todos os pensadores religiosos pensaram assim: Immanuel Kant, um cristão dos mais devotos, zombava de tudo que lhe cheirasse a obediência ao código moral por interesse próprio (egoísmo).
A observação cotidiana dos nossos semelhantes deixa claro que o comportamento ético não exige a crença no céu e no inferno.”
SINGER, P. Martins Fontes, 2006, p. 12
O ORIGINAL – From Practical Ethics, by Peter Singer: “Religion was tought to provide a reason for doing what is right, the reason being that those who are virtuous will be rewarded by an eternity of bliss while the rest roast in hell. (…) Not all religious thinkers have accepted this argument: Immanuel Kant, a most pious Christian, scorned anything that smacked of a self-interested motive for obeying the moral law. (…) Our everyday observation of our fellow human beings clearly shows that ethical behaviour does not require belief in heaven and hell.” (Cambrigde Press, p. 4)
LECTURES
I ) Ethics & Living Ethically, at New College of the Humanities
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II) The Christian God
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“Few forces in the world are as potent, as influential, as religion. As we struggle to resolve the terrible economical and social inequities that currently disfigure our planet, and minimize the violence and degradation we see, we have to recognize that if we have a blind spot about religion our efforts will almost certainly fail, and may make matters much worse… If we don’t subject religion to such scrutiny now, and work out together whatever revisions and reforms are called for, we will pass on a legacy of ever more toxic forms of religion to our descendants.
Religion plays its most important role in supporting morality, many think, by giving people an unbeatable reason to do good: the promise of an infinite reward in heaven, and (depending on tastes) the threat of an infinite punishment in hell if they don’t. Without the divine carrot and stick, goes this reasoning, people would loll about aimlessly or indulge their basest desires, break their promises, cheat on their spouses, neglect their duties, and so on. There are two well-known problems with this reasoning: (1) it doesn’t seem to be true, which is good news, since (2) it is such a demeaning view of human nature.
Everybody already knows the evidence for the countervailing hypothesis that the belief in a reward in heaven can sometimes motivate acts of monstruous evil. (…) This can be seen as an infantile concept of God in the first place, pandering to immaturity instead of encouraging genuine moral commitment. As Mitchell Silver notes, the God who rewards goodness in heaven beats a striking resemblance to the hero of the popular song ‘Santa Claus Is Coming To Town’…”
DANIEL DENNETT
Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon
(Pgs. 38-39 & 279-280)
Available at the Toronto Public Library.
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WOODY ALLEN:
WOODY ALLEN: MARCANDO PONTOS NO PÓS-VIDA
Comentando sobre seus filmes Crimes e Pecados e Match Point, o cineasta americano Woddy Allen disse:
“- Para mim, é uma grande vergonha o universo não ter nenhum Deus ou nenhum sentido, e no entanto só quando se admite isso é que se pode levar o que as pessoas chamam de uma vida cristã – isto é, uma vida moral decente. Você só leva uma vida assim se, para começar, admite o que tem diante de si e joga fora toda a casca de conto de fadas que leva a pessoa a fazer escolhas na vida não por razões morais, mas para marcar pontos no pós-vida.”
(LAX, Eric. Conversas com Woody Allen. Ed. Cosac e Naify)
DOWNLOAD: CRIMES E PECADOS,
de Woody Allen (1989, Crimes & Misdemeanors)
Publicado em: 17/02/16
De autoria: casadevidro247
A Casa de Vidro Ponto de Cultura e Centro de Mídia